Developed by RCA and released in September of 1947, the 12AX7 is a high gain / low noise tube that is the most popular tube used in input / inter-stage audio amplifiers. The dual triode design makes the 12AX7 compact, relatively inexpensive, and produces a high quality full frequency response.
12AX7's are known for their rich even order harmonic distortion when driven into overdrive. Even order harmonics fit into the western musical scale and are more pleasing to the ear than the harsh odd order harmonic distortion created by transistors. The 12AX7 is also known as the ECC83, which was the European designation found on tubes from Phillips / Mullard.